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Last Thursday, a federal appellate court issued another decision in NFL commissioner Roger Goodells favor and against the NFL Players Association.This time it was in Adrian Petersons case. The 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals held that Goodell was properly acting within his powers when he suspended the Minnesota Vikings running back, under the domestic violence policy set in August 2014, for conduct that occurred in May 2014.Heres a Q&A breaking down what it all means:What was the case about?It starts with Article 46 of the collective bargaining agreement, which allows the NFL to hold players accountable for conduct detrimental to the integrity of, or public confidence in, the game of professional football. This empowered Goodell to create the personal conduct policy.In August 2014, following the Ray Rice controversy, Goodell circulated a memorandum to teams, outlining enhanced penalties for personal conduct policy violations involving domestic violence. These penalties increased the two-week unpaid suspension to six weeks for a first domestic violence offense.This case was about whether Goodell could retroactively apply those enhanced penalties to Peterson for the domestic violence he committed four months prior to the rules inception.?How did the events play out?Two weeks after Goodell issued the memorandum, a Texas grand jury indicted Peterson on Sept. 11, 2014. The running back was charged with felony injury to a child, his then-4-year-old son, during a May incident.In November, Peterson pleaded no contest to the lesser charge of misdemeanor reckless assault. Goodell suspended Peterson indefinitely and fined him six games pay based on the protocol outlined in the August 2014 domestic violence memorandum.An arbitrator Goodell chose affirmed Petersons penalty, but a federal lower court reversed it. The NFL appealed that decision to a higher court.What did the appellate court decide?A three-judge panel on the 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals agreed with the arbitrator, holding that Goodell could apply the enhanced domestic violence penalties to Peterson.?The appellate court did not think Goodells memorandum created a new penalty that could have been applied retroactively. Rather, the appellate court concluded that the August 2014 memorandum just further explained the then-existing personal conduct policy, effectively enhancing it.The court also said Goodell may issue whatever punishment he believes is necessary under Article 46 and the personal conduct policy because neither limit the commissioners authority. In other words, the League might change its discipline without changing its policy, the court said.What does the ruling mean for the NFL?The ruling means Goodell has the power to increase or decrease punishment as he sees fit. The commissioner isnt limited to prior discipline -- i.e., Goodell doesnt have to issue the same punishment to a player that he issued in the past. Goodell has the power under Article 46 and the personal conduct policy to punish players to whatever extent he believes is necessary to deter the bad behavior.?Following the Deflategate decision against Tom Brady, this ruling just reaffirms the expansive reach of Goodells powers when it comes to issuing punishments under the CBA.?What does the ruling mean for Adrian Peterson?The ruling doesnt impact Petersons ability to play. It requires only that he forfeit his game checks for the six games Goodell suspended him in November 2014. Thats approximately $4.1 million of Petersons $11.75 million salary. (After Week 2 of the 2014 season, Peterson was placed on the commissioners exempt list, so although he was barred from all team activities until his child-abuse case was resolved, he still received his salary. It was after he pleaded guilty to the lesser charge that he was suspended, without pay, for the final six games of 2014.)League sources told ESPNs Ed Werder that Peterson had already paid the NFL three game checks, leaving less than $2.1 million to be paid.What does the ruling mean for the NFLPA and NFL players?The ruling is another hit to the NFLPA. The back-to-back appellate court losses could deter the NFLPA from pursuing challenges to Goodells authority in the future.?With this 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals decision, coupled with the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Deflategate decision, the precedent has been set that Goodell has broad authority under Article 46. The decisions give the NFLPA little room to raise a viable argument undermining that authority.That does not mean there wont be more discipline fights; in a different case, with different facts, the NFLPA might find it worthwhile to raise a challenge. Its the associations duty to defend the leagues players. ?How can the NFLPA change the breadth of Goodells authority??The NFLPA can limit Goodells powers in Article 46 only by negotiating new terms in the CBA.?The CBA can be renegotiated at the end of the 2020 NFL season. That is, unless the NFL and NFLPA collectively agree to change the CBA before that time. This is unlikely, largely because Article 46 isnt an issue that impacts a lot of NFL players. Said another way, relatively few NFL players commit personal conduct policy violations.And fewer are getting into trouble, period. As the Washington Post reported last week, there has been a 40 percent drop in the number of NFL player arrested in the first six months of this year as compared to the same period last year. That means the NFLPA might not make it a priority to negotiate a change in Goodells powers under Article 46 now and possibly in the future.?Adrienne Lawrence is a legal analyst who practiced law from 2008 to 2015 before joining ESPN in August 2015.?Follow her on Twitter @AdrienneESPN.Stitched NCAA Jerseys . -- Jimmy Walkers first PGA Tour trophy came with a special gift tucked inside. College Jerseys Outlet . Goals from Jerome Boateng, Franck Ribery and Thomas Mueller extended Bayerns unbeaten run to a record 37 matches. "This record is incredible," Bayern coach Pep Guardiola said. http://www.cheapcollegejerseys.net/ . The Celtics closed out their first preseason under Stevens on Wednesday night with a 101-97 victory over the Brooklyn Nets, who rested a lot of their lineup including former Celtics Kevin Garnett and Paul Pierce. Cheap Jerseys From China . A big centre with all the tools to be an elite player, Johansen paced the Blue Jackets with a standout game Saturday night. 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